HomeMy WebLinkAboutPHY-185
Bergen Community College
Division of Mathematics, Science and Technology
Department of Physical Sciences
Course Syllabus
PHY 185 Introduction to Physics
Semester and year:
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COURSE TITLE: PHY 185 Introduction to Physics
CREDITS/HOURS: 3 hr lecture, 3 hr lab, 4 credits
PREREQUISITES: None
COURSE DESCRIPTION: Introduction to Physics covers a series of topics selected from
the following: Newton's Laws of Motion, mechanical energy, work and power, heat and heat
transfer, electricity and magnetism, light, sound, atomic structure, and radioactivity.
Conceptual principles are emphasized without dwelling on the rigorous mathematical aspects
of the topics studied. Application of principles to environmental and health problems is
included.
This is a General Education course.
TEXTBOOK: Hewitt, Paul G., 2015: Conceptual Physics, 12th Edition. Pearson,
Glenview IL. 722 pp. ISBN-13 978-0-321-9010-7
Opstbaum, Roger, 2001: Intro to Physics Notes, Kendall/Hunt, 147 pp
including labs.
LAB MANUAL: Wilson, Jerry D., and Cecilia A. Hernandez-Hall, 2005 Physics Laboratory
Experiments for PHY-185 Custom 6th Edition, Cengage Learning, Mason, OH,
ISBN 13: 978-0-618-58767-4.
STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The student will be able to:
1. Identify how the all-encompassing science of Physics impacts
our everyday lives.
2. Develop a Physics vocabulary
3. Explain the background to look into our present and future
ways of acquiring and utilizing energy.
4. Use the scientific method
5. Define speed, velocity, and acceleration
6. Explain the acceleration due to gravity and its consequences
7. Define the difference between mass and weight
8. State and give examples of Newton’s 3 laws
9. Identify scalers and vectors
10.Define momentum and its conservation
11.Define work and energy
12.Identify conservation of energy
13.Identify the difference between torques and forces
14.Explain rotational motion
15.Explain the nature of the law of gravity
16.Explain how tides work
17.Explain projectile and satellite motion
18.Explain the atomic nature of matter
19.Identify the physical differences between solids, liquids and
gases
20.Identify the difference between temperature and heat
21.State the laws of thermodynamics
22.Explain the fundamentals of wave physics
23.Identify how sound waves are generated
24.Explain the fundamentals and applications of electricity and
magnetism
25.Demonstrate how electricity is sent from the power station to
your home
26.Explain the basics of light and electromagnetic radiation
27.Explain the basics of quantum theory
28.Explain the basics of radioactivity, fission and fusion
29.Explain the basics of Einstein’s special theory of relativity
ASSESSMENT: Student achievement of the above objectives will be assessed by their
performance on tests and their laboratory reports.
TESTS: 1. There will be (four) modular exams
2. Your individual instructor will advise you how tests are composed,
verbally, or under separate cover. There will be at least one
essay on an exam.
TEST STRUCTURE: There will be 4 (four) modular exams consisting of:
I. 10 True-False (20 pts.)
II. 10 Multiple Choice (20 pts.)
III. 7 Fill-ins (14 pts.)
IV. 1 Diagram (6 pts.)
V. 5 Definitions (20 pts.)
VI. 1 Question/1 Exercise (10 pts.)
VII. 1 Essay (10 pts.)
NOTES:
Tests will not specifically cover material discussed before the previous test.
Concepts build from the beginning to the end of the semester and basic ideas are
expected to be mastered to understand new ones.
Definitions will come exclusively from underlined words in the notes, and from the
"Summary of Terms" at the end of each chapter in the textbook encompassed by the
test.
Question/Exercises may be taken word for word and number for number from these
chapters.
Essay questions will come from the discussion topics in each section of the syllabus.
EVALUATION: Your composite grade will be determined according to the following
formula:
20% Lab Grade
20% Each of 3 highest test grades
10% Lowest test grade
10% Instructor's Evaluation
However, please note: Unless the student meets the following minimum
requirements, he or she will receive a grade of F:
1. The student must pass (achieve 60 or above) on at least one of the
4 tests, regardless of the (possibly high) quality of the lab
grades.
2. The student must complete and hand in at least 70% of the lab
assignments regardless of the (possibly high) quality of the test
grades.
OTHER POLICIES: Electronic Devices:
1. The use of portable devices, such as pagers and cell phones is not
permitted when class or laboratory is in session. Please silence
these devices before entering class. The use of cell phone
calculators is not permitted.
FACULTY ABSENCE PROCEDURE: Please note well
A daily listing of cancelled classes will be listed at the BCC home page under Class
Cancellations located at the bottom of the home page (www.bergen.edu). Students can
consult this page before going to class. If students find a class cancelled which has not
been listed, they should report this to the Evening/Saturday Office, Room C-107, or the
Divisional Dean's Office, A-304.
STUDENT ABSENCES:
The student is expected to obtain notes and other assignments missed during office hours
or by appointment. i.e., class time cannot be taken up by affairs resulting from an
individual student's absence.
SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Bergen Community College aims to create inclusive learning environments where all students
have maximum opportunities for success. Any student who feels he or she may need an
accommodation based on the impact of a disability should contact the Office of Specialized
Services at 201-612-5269 or via email at ossinfo@bergen.edu for assistance.
BRIEF SYLLABUS
TOPIC PAGE
I. Mechanics 19
II. Properties of Matter 207
III. Heat 283
IV. Sound 355
V. Electricity and Magnetism 405
VI. Light 485
VII. Atomic and Nuclear Physics 601
VIII. Relativity 657
LABS:
A minimum of 12 laboratory exercises will be selected by the instructor from among the
following:
# Exper. # (keyed to Wilson) Title
1 1 Experimental Error
2 1 Graphs
3 2 Mass, Volume, and Density
4 3 Uniformly Accelerated Motion
5 - Velocity, Acceleration and Newton's Laws
6 4 Conservation of Linear Momentum
7 5 Torques, Equilibrium and Center of Gravity
8 9 Hooke's Law and Simple Harmonic Motion
9 7 The Specific Heats of Metals
10 8 Heats of Fusion and Vaporization
11 6 Archimedes' Principle: Buoyancy and
Specific Gravity
12 10 Ohm's Law
13 11 Resistances In Series and Parallel
14 - Coulomb's Law
15 12 Reflection and Refraction
LAB MATERIALS
Students are expected to purchase a pad of Cartesian (regular) graph paper, and bring this
to each lab session. A bright green or xeroxed grid is not acceptable. A calculator is
helpful, especially one with trig functions, squares, and square roots in addition to the
arithmetic functions.
4. Detailed Syllabus
Class Number/
Introduction
to Physics
Lecture Number
Discussion
Topic
Number
Topic
Textbook
Reading
Assignment
1 I. Introduction
A. About Science
1. Introduction 1-7
2. Mathematics - The Language of Science 8
3. The Scientific Method 8-14
4. Science and Technology 14-15
5. Physics - The Basic Science 15-17
B. Measurement; SI units 703-707
II. Mechanics
A. Motion
1. Introduction 40
2. Speed 41-42
3. Velocity 42-43
2 4. Acceleration 43-46
709-712
5. Free Fall 46-50
B. Newton's Laws
1. Newton's First Law 21-34
2. Newton's Second Law 57-67
3. Newton's Third Law 74-85
3 C. Momentum
1. Momentum 90-92
2. Impulse 92-93
3. Impulse Changes Momentum 93-95
4. Bouncing 96
5. Conservation of Momentum 97-98
6. Collisions 99-103
D. Energy
1. Work 109-112
2. Power 112
3. Mechanical Energy 113-117
4. Conservation of Energy 117-120
5. Machines 120-121
6. Efficiency 121-122
7. Energy for Life 123-125
(1) 8. Population Growth in the U.S. 719-722
(2) 9. Electric Energy Growth in the U.S. -
4 E. Rotational motion
1. Circular Motion 132-136
2. Rotational Inertia 136-139
3. Torque 139-140
4. Center of Mass and center of gravity 140-145
Class Number/
Introduction
to Physics
Lecture Number
Discussion
Topic
Number
Topic
Textbook
Reading
Assignment
5. Centripetal Force 145-146
6. Centrifugal Force 147-150
7. Angular Momentum 150-151
8. Conservation of Angular Momentum 151-152
F. Gravitation
1. Newton's Law of Gravitation 160-167
2. Weight and Weightlessness 166-167
3. Tides 167-170
4. Gravitational Fields 170-173
5. Einstein's Theory of Gravitation 173
5 (3) 6. Black Holes 174-175
7. Universal gravitation 175-176
G. Projectile and Satellite Motion
1. Projectile Motion 182-190
2. Satellite motion 190-195
3. Kepler's Laws 196-197
4. Energy conservation and satellite motion 197-198
5. Escape Velocity 198-200
TEST 1
6 III. Properties of Matter
A. Atoms, Molecules, and States of Matter 207-222
B. Solids 226-227
1. Crystal structure 227-229
2. Bonding -
3. Alloys -
4. Volume 706
5. Density 229-230
6. Elasticity 230-231
C. Liquids 244-245
1. Area 706
2. Pressure 245-246
3. Pressure in a liquid 246-249
4. Buoyancy 249-250
5. Archimedes' Principle 250-251
6. What Makes An Object Sink or Float? 251-252
7. Flotation 253-256
8. Pascal's Principle 255-256
9. Surface tension 257-258
10. Capillarity 258
7 D. Gases and Plasmas 264-265
1. Air and air pressure 265-269
2. Boyle's, Charles' and the Ideal Gas Laws 270-271
3. Buoyancy of Air 271-272
4. Bernoulli's principle 272-275
5. Plasmas 276-277
IV. Heat
Class Number/
Introduction
to Physics
Lecture Number
Discussion
Topic
Number
Topic
Textbook
Reading
Assignment
A. Temperature, Heat and Expansion
1. Temperature 284-287
337-339
2. Heat 287-291
3. Expansion 291-295
B. Heat Transfer 302-303
1. Conduction 303-304
2. Convection 304-307
3. Radiation 307-311
8 4. Newton's Law of Cooling 311-312
(4) 5. Greenhouse Effect and the CO2 problem 312-313
C. Change of State
1. Evaporation and Condensation 320-325
2. Boiling 325-327
3. Melting and Freezing 327-328
4. Energy and Changes of State 328-332
D. Thermodynamics
1. 1st Law of Thermodynamics 336-340
2. Adiabatic Processes 341
(5) 3. Temperature Inversions
4. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics 344-348
5. Entropy 349-350
Test 2
9 V. Sound
A. Vibrations and Waves 355-357
1. Pendulums 357-358
2. Wave description 358-360
3. Wave motion 360-361
4. Transverse waves 361
5. Longitudinal waves 361-362
6. Interference 362-363
363-364
7. Standing waves 364-365
8. Doppler effect 365-366
B. Sound
1. Origin 374-376
2. Nature of sound in air 376-377
3. Media that transmit sound 377-378
4. Speed of sound 378-379
5. Reflection of sound 379-380
6. Refraction of sound 380-382
7. Energy in sound waves 379
8. Forced vibrations 382
9. Natural frequency 382
Class Number/
Introduction
to Physics
Lecture Number
Discussion
Topic
Number
Topic
Textbook
Reading
Assignment
10. Resonance 382-385
11. Beats 385-387
12. Radio Broadcasts 386
13. Sound intensity and units -
VI. Electricity and Magnetism
A. Electricity at rest 405-408
1. Electrical forces 408
2. Electric charges 408-409
3. Conservation of charge 409-410
4. Coulomb's law 411-412
5. Conductors and insulators 412-413
6. Charging 413-415
7. Polarization 416-417
8. Electric field 417-419
9. Electric shielding 419-420
10 10. Electric potential 421-422
11. Electric energy storage 423-424
B. Electric Current; Ohm's Law 430-431
1. Flow of charge 431-432
2. Voltage sources 432-433
3. Resistance 433-434
4. Ohm's Law 434-436
5. Direct and Alternating Current 437-438
6. Speed and source of electrons in a circuit 438-440
7. Electric power 440-441
8. Series and parallel circuits 441-445
C. Magnetism 452-453
1. Magnetic forces 453-454
2. Magnetic poles 454-455
3. Magnetic fields 455-456
4. Magnetic domains 456-457
5. Electromagnets 458-460
6. Magnetic forces on moving charged particles 460
7. Oersted's experiment 460-462
8. Earth's magnetic field and Van Allen belts 462-464
9. Magnetism, Evolution and Life 465
11 D. Electromagnetic Induction
1. Faraday's experiment 470-472
2. Generators and alternating current 473-474
3. Power production 474-475
4. Transformers 475-478
5. Self-induction 478
6. Power transmission 479
(6) 7. The SO2 problem -
(7) 8. The Fossil Fuel problem -
9. Field induction 479-480
VII. Light
A. Electromagnetic Radiation
1. Electromagnetic wave velocity 486-489
Class Number/
Introduction
to Physics
Lecture Number
Discussion
Topic
Number
Topic
Textbook
Reading
Assignment
2. Electromagnetic Spectrum 489-490
3. Transparent materials 491-493
4. Opaque materials 493
5. Shadows 494-495
B. Color 504-511
C. Why the sky is blue 511-512
D. Why sunsets are red 512-514
E. Why clouds are white 514
F. Why water is greenish-blue 514-515
G. Reflection 520
1. Principle of least time 520-521
2. Law of reflection 521-522
3. Plane mirrors 522-523
4. Diffuse reflection 523-524
H. Refraction 524-527
I. Cause of refraction 527-528
J. Dispersion in a prism 529-531
12 K. Total internal reflection 531-533
L. Lenses 533-537
M. Huygen's principle 544-547
N. Diffraction 547-548
O. Interference 549-551
P. Interference colors by reflection from thin films 522-554
Q. Light Emission 562-564
R. Blackbodies -
S. Stefan-Boltzmann's Law -
T. Wien's Law -
U. Planck's Law -
V. Emission, continuous, and absorption spectra 564-567
569-570
W. Incandescence 567-568
X. Fluorescence 570-571
Y. Phosphorescence 571-572
Z. Lamps and Lasers 572-577
Test 3
13 VIII. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
A. Introduction 582-583
B. Birth of the Quantum theory 583-585
C. Photoelectric effect 585-587
D. Wave-particle duality 588
E. Double-slit experiment 588-590
F. Particles as waves; electron diffraction 590-592
G. Uncertainty principle 592-595
H. Complimentarily 595-596
I. Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus and Electron 601-606
J. Spectra and the Bohr model 606-608
Class Number/
Introduction
to Physics
Lecture Number
Discussion
Topic
Number
Topic
Textbook
Reading
Assignment
K. Electron waves 608-609
L. Quantum mechanics 610-611
M. Correspondence principle 611-612
N. X-, Alpha-, Beta-, and Gamma- Rays 615-618
O. Environmental Radiation 619-622
P. The Atomic Nucleus And The Strong Force 622-624
14 Q. Half-life 625
R. Radiation detectors 626-628
S. Natural transmutation of elements 628-630
T. Artificial transmutation of elements 630
U. Radioactive isotopes and dating 630-631
V. Carbon and uranium dating 632-633
(8) W. Effect of radiation on humans -
X. Nuclear fission
1. Fission 637-641
2. Nuclear Fission Reactors 641-645
3. Mass-energy equivalence 645-649
Y. Nuclear Fusion
1. Fusion 640-652
2. Controlling fusion 652
IX. Energy Sources for the Future
(9) A. Are nuclear reactors safe? -
(10) B. The solar energy alternative 123-125
15 X. Relativity
A. Special theory of relativity 657-659
1. Relative motion 659-660
2. Michelson-Morley experiment 660-661
3. Postulates of the special theory 661-662
4. Simultaneity 662-663
5. Space-time 663-664
6. Time dilation 664-668
7. The twin trip 668-673
8. Addition of Velocities 673
9. Space travel 674-675
10. Length contraction 675-677
11. Relativistic Momentum 677-678
12. Mass-energy equivalence 678-680
13. Correspondence principle 680-681
B. General theory of Relativity 686-687
1. Principle of equivalence 687-689
2. Bending of light by gravity 689-691
3. Gravity and time-gravitational red shift 691-693
4. Gravity and Space: Orbit of Mercury 694
5. Gravity, space, and a new geometry 694-696
6. Gravity, space, time, and gravitational waves 696
7. Gravity, Newton, and Einstein 697
Test 4
5. Laboratory Rules:
1. Safety first - If you are unsure a piece of equipment is working safely, call
the instructor or lab technician over BEFORE PROCEEDING ANY FURTHER. Reckless
behavior endangers everyone. Having fun in lab is encouraged (as long as the
work gets done), but there is a clear boundary between fun and recklessness.
2. Lab manuals are to be brought to every lab session except week 5. Lab reports
are due the week following the lab. There are fairly stiff penalties for
lateness: -5 the first week; -10 for each day after that since corrected labs
will usually be handed back 1 week after they are due. XEROXES OF LAB MANUAL
PAGES ARE UNACCEPTABLE.
3. Absence from labs so that data acquisition must be obtained from a neighbor,
without performing the experiment yourself, means that you can get at most a
50 for that lab. You must note you are doing this at the top of the lab
report. If this is not noted and an attendance check by the instructor
indicates absence, you receive a 0 for the lab and 1 point off personal
evaluation for the term for each such offense.
4. Late labs are not acceptable until the next time the instructor has your class
lab folder available.
5. THIS IS IMPORTANT: Although many experiments involve the acquisition of data
in groups, calculations involving the experimental data are to be done
INDIVIDUALLY. The college policy on plagiarism will be strictly enforced.
6. Lab reports are expected to be neat and organized - a grader is in a much
better mood (is more lenient?) when he has an easy time going through the
work.
7. A reminder - Failure to complete and had in at least 70% of the lab
assignments is also grounds for an automatic F grade.
8. Schedule (Pages refer to Wilson's Lab Manual)
Week # Lab # (in manual) Page Title
1 1 3 Experimental Error and Data Analysis
2 1-handout 9-14 Graphs
3 2 23 Mass, Volume and Density
4 3-handout 37 Uniformly Accelerated Motion - Free Fall
5 Handout -- Velocity, Acceleration and Newton's Laws
6 4-handout 61 Conservation of Linear Momentum
7 5 83 Torques
8 6-handout 95 Archimedes' Principle: Buoyancy and Specific
Gravity
9 7,8-handout 107,119 Calorimetry
10 9-handout 141 Hooke's Law and Simple Harmonic Motion
11 10,11-handout 159,181 Electricity
12 12 201 Reflection and Refraction
6. Summary of Helpful Hints in Intro to Physics Lab
I. Rules for significant digits
1. The left-most non-zero digit is the most significant
2. If there is no decimal point, the right-most non-zero digit in a number
is the least significant. e.g. in 4620 and 46200 the two is the least
significant.
3. If there is a decimal point, the right-most digit is the least
significant, even if it is 0, e.g. in 4620., 46200., and 462.00, the
right-most zero is the least significant.
4. All digits between and including the least and most significant digits
are considered to be significant. e.g. 4620 and 46200 have 3 significant
digits, 4620. has 4; 46200. and 462.00 have 5.
II. Special rules for significant digit operations in Intro to Physics:
1. All constants in a formula have as many significant digits as the lest
significant multiplicative or dividing entry.
2. Subtractions (e.g. in the numerator of a percent error or percent
difference computation) which reduce the number of significant digits
because of the close approximation of the subtracting numbers to each
other should be stated to the number of digits of the least significant
entry. e.g. 1.00-0.99=0.010.
3. All averages should be expressed to the number of significant digits of
the least accurate entry with one exception: Two numbers averaged can
(temporarily) be expressed to one more significant digit than the least
significant entry so the average makes sense. e.g. the average of 969
and 970, is taken as 969.5.
III. Graphs
1. All graphs should have titles, labelled axes with units, and numerically
scaled axes. Name of preparer is necessary only if it is not on other
materials to be handed in with the graph.
2. Straight-line fits to data should be passed through the data points so
that the best fit to the data is obtained. It is possible that none of
the data points will fall on the line. For any remaining analysis of
the graph, now use the line, not the points it was obtained from !!!!
3. Try to use dashed lines, where appropriate, to show interpolations,
extrapolations, where a slope of a straight line was taken, etc., on any
graph you analyze.
IV. Reading a vernier (consult figs. 2-4 and 2-5 p. 25 Wilson)
1. In units of cm, use the main scale's position over the zero on the
vernier scale to get x.y cm.
2. See which mark on the vernier scale lines up best with the mark above it
on the main scale to get the hundredth's place, z, of the measurement
for x.yz cm. Remember that the first tick mark on the vernier scale is
0!
3. Subtract a positive 0 error; add a negative 0 error.
V. Reading a micrometer (consult fig 2-6 and caption p. 26 Wilson)
1. In units of mm, read to the nearest 0.5 mm, where the edge of the
thimble has intersected the main "sleeve". If a bottom tick mark has
been passed by the thimble edge the reading is a 0.5 mm; if not, just a
0.0 mm.
2. Read the value of the thimble where the 0 line of the sleeve intersects
the thimble, estimating to the nearest 10th of the distance between the
thimble tick marks. This translates so that, e.g. 224, with the 4
estimated means 0.224 mm. Add to the result of 1 above to get a "raw"
answer in mm.
3. Subtract a positive 0 error; add a negative 0 error to get a.bcd mm.
4. Convert to cm by moving the decimal 1 digit to the left to get .abcd cm.
PHY185SCO.fa11 5/18
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